Signal-Path Designer Articles - Expert tips, tricks, and design techniques for the signal path designer Home->Signal Path Solutions

Signal Path Designer

Signal Path Designer®
Expert tips, tricks, and techniques

Signal Path Designer
The Signal Path Designer quarterly features articles that cover design techniques for signal-path applications.

 

Publication PDF
#119: Driving High-Speed Signals in Data Center Servers and Storage Area Networks 967KB
#118: PowerWise® Class G versus Class AB Headphone Amplifiers 328KB
#117: JTAG Advanced Capabilities and System Design 421KB
#116: Energy Efficiency and Reliability in Automatic Transmission Systems 586KB
#115: Liquid-Level Monitoring Using a Pressure Sensor 277KB
#114: Continuous-Time Sigma-Delta A/D Converters 240KB
#113: A 3 Gbps SDI Connectivity Solution Supporting Uncompressed 1080p60 Video 2.7MB
#112: Adaptive Speed Control for Automotive Systems 304KB
#111: Selecting Amplifiers, ADCs, and Clocks for High-Performance Signal Paths 913KB
#110: Extending the Signal Path Over Data Transmission Lines 552KB
#109: Generating Precision Clocks for Time-Interleaved ADCs 660KB
#108: Low-Voltage Current Loop Transmitter 489KB
#107: Delay Calibration of Signal Path Interconnect-
In Remote Radio Head (RRH) Basestations and Other Applications
594KB

#106: Timing is Everything - The Broadcast Video Signal Path

504KB
#105: LIDAR System Design for Automotive/Industrial/Military Applications 400KB
#104: Improving Machinery Vibration Analysis 980KB
#103: Understanding High-Speed Signals,Clocks, and Data Capture 2.0MB
#102: Maximizing Signal-Path Performance 568KB
#101: A Walk Along the Signal Path 440KB

Also visit national.com/signalpath
 

 

 

Don't miss an issue!
Sign up now 
to receive e-mail alerts when new Signal Path Designer issues are available.

Download the Latest Issue!

Signalpath #119: Driving High-Speed Signals in Data Center Servers and Storage Area Networks

Overview:
With less capital available for continuous system “upgrades”, new data center solutions must be space- and energy-efficient while supporting multi-faceted expansion to keep ahead of users’ data storage needs. Engineers are leveraging open industry standards like PCI Express (PCIe) and SAS/SATA to create efficient architectures that address current and future data center requirements. With only limited input and output signal conditioning written directly into these standards, hardware design has been constrained by cable and PCB attenuation of high-speed serial data. Even within a single rack of equipment, signals that remain on backplanes will exhibit losses beyond those detailed in the PCIe standard.

This article explains how a pair of National’s new PowerWise® 4-lane bi-directional transceivers (DS50PCI401 and DS64BR401) directly address interconnect attenuation challenges with capabilities beyond standards-dictated signal conditioning. PCIe 2.0 sets a maximum transmit de-emphasis of 6 dB and SAS recommends 3 dB. However, PCIe cable assembly response indicates that 12 dB of compensation is needed to optimize 7m 24 AWG cable performance. Similar loss compensation will be needed for 24” to 30” backplane traces commonly found in server designs today. The DS50PCI401 transceiver provides a gain of up to 26 dB for PCIe applications, while the DS64BR401 transceiver provides a gain of up to 33 dB for SAS/SATA and other high-speed signaling technologies.

 

WHAT'S NEW
Featured Products

PowerWise® High-Speed Amplifiers

  • 2.5 GHz Ultra Linear Fully Differential Amplifier
  • 1.5 GHz Fully Differential Amplifier
  • 1.2 GHz Differential Driver
  • Digital Variable Gain Amplifier

PowerWise® High-Speed A/D Converters

PowerWise® Clock Conditioners

  • LMK04000 Family - Clock Jitter Cleaners with Cascaded PLLatinum PLLs
  • LMK01000 Family - < 30 fs High Performance Clock Buffer, Divider, and Distributor for Clocks up to 1.6 GHz
  • LMK03000 Family - Clock Jitter Cleaners with Integrated VCO
  • LMK02000 Family - Clock Jitter Cleaners for use with external VCXO
  • Frequency Synthesizer System, Integrated VCO

 

Design Tools

The Signal-Path Designer® is published every other month, the Signal-Path Designer newsletter's feature articles cover signal-path design techniques:

 

Application Notes
  • AN-1558 - Clocking High-Speed A/D Converters
  • AN-1704 - High-Speed ADC Input Driver
  • AN-1716 - Driving High-Speed ADCs
  • AN-1718 - Diff Amp Apps Up to 400 MHz
  • AN-1719 - Noise Analysis - Fully Diff. Amp
  • AN-1721 - High-Speed ADCs - Interfacing, Driving, and Clocking
  • AN-1727 - Calibrating the ADC083000 Family of Ultra High-Speed Converters
Reference Designs

The reference designs include ADCs, front-end amplifiers, timing components, and power supply regulation.

  • ADC16DV160 - High-IF Sub-Sampling Receiver System
  • ADC16V130 - Low Intermediate Frequency Receiver System
  • ADC083000 - Lowest Power 8-bit 3 GSPS Data Acquisition System
  • ADC14DS105 - Low Intermediate Frequency Receiver System
  • ADC14V155 - High Intermediate Frequency Receiver System

WaveVision Data Acquisition and Analysis System
Test and evaluate A/D converters with National's easy-to-use WaveVision software, which supports National's latest ADC evaluation boards.

Articles

Challenges of clocking a high-definition world – Part I: foundational concepts
Clocks and jitter affect all aspects of system performance, including signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and throughput; understanding and implementing today's ever-higher-speed clocks is crucial.

Challenges of clocking a high-definition world – Part II: A system applications perspective
Part II examines issues specific to communication systems that are evolving from multi-module, single channel architectures to single-module architectures. The article also shows how to analyze the impact of multiple, uncorrelated noise sources on overall SNR, relate this to clock jitter, and present an example that illustrates the different jitter requirements for different ADC resolutions.

Use in-the-loop gain control to extend dynamic range.
Modern communications systems are demanding more dynamic range than current analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) can support. One way to gain system dynamic range is to use a digitally-controlled variable gain amplifier (DVGA) with a high-speed, high-resolution ADC in a digitally-controlled AGC loop.



MY BRIEFCASE                                         Remove all from My Briefcase 
Click any "Briefcase" icon to add an item